![]() They should never be dragged, rolled, or slid, even for a short distance. Always transport cylinder using cart or carrier. If a cylinder cannot be stored upright, it is safer to store it on its side. Cylinders must be stored upright, straight, and secured. Full cylinders are usually placed with tamper-evident seal. They are stored in cool, dry, well-ventilated areas, away from exposure to weather. Full and empty cylinders are kept separate. Only qualified personnel should refill the cylinders. When solely used in hospitals, strong supply chain is required. Oxygen cylinders can be used as standalone in hospitals, as well as in manifold. Nomograms have also been devised to calculate this duration. Conversion factors are different for different types of cylinder. Atlas equation is used to calculate the duration of e-cylinders, based on conversion factor. The cylinder content present in this state (compressed gas) does not change into a liquid at room temperature, regardless of the pressure applied, since the room temperature is above the critical temperature of gas.Ĭalculation of duration the cylinder content will last can be done using Boyle's law. Recently, light-weight carbon fiber-wrapped cylinders with built-in regulator have become available, which eliminates the need for costly purchase and maintenance of a separate population of regulators. Aluminum cylinders are moderately priced, light weight, and can be manufactured to be safe in magnetic resonance imaging environment. ![]() Steel cylinders are more economical but heavier. Lighter-weight cylinders made of aluminum with nonmagnetic valve are becoming more common. Conventionally, cylinders were manufactured from molybdenum steel. They come in various sizes ranging from 13 to 51 inch in length and in different volumes and weights. Oxygen cylinders have oxygen compressed to the pressure of 1900–2200 pounds per square inch (psi). Oxygen supply in hospitals can come from oxygen plants consisting of high-pressure oxygen cylinders, liquid oxygen storage tanks, or large oxygen concentrators. The liquid oxygen can be solidified or frozen at a temperature of −218☌. It changes from gas to liquid at a temperature of −182.96☌. Oxygen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. Medical oxygen is a regulated commodity that must be at least 82% pure, free from any contamination, and generated by an oil-free compressor. The above facts highlight the burden this pandemic has put on already scarce health resources, including oxygen. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery 2015 revealed in their report that approximately one-quarter of hospitals surveyed in resource-limited countries lack sufficient oxygen supply. The primary cause of death from COVID-19 is a respiratory failure as a result of acute respiratory distress syndrome. This article is an attempt to enrich the readers in further strengthening the oxygen supplies in hospitals during such pandemics and other natural disasters.Ĭoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic accounts for more than 200 million confirmed cases worldwide, with India alone reporting more than 31 million cases. We searched various published literature in journals and books, as well as scientific databases, including PubMed Central, Google Scholar, National Medical Library, and Medline, using search terms as “oxygen sources,” “oxygen supply,” and “hospitals.” The relevant articles published during the period of 1990–2021 and in the English language were selected. In a step toward our readiness for further COVID-19 waves, we would like to bring forth the information regarding oxygen supply in the hospitals. With more than 200 million cases worldwide, this pandemic has put tremendous pressure on scarce healthcare resources. ![]() With the advent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and with increased lung involvement, oxygen has become a precious life-saving drug. Medical oxygen is an essential medicine as is aptly stated by the World Health Organization.
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